Water turbidity meter manufacturer today

Water quality analyzer wholesale factory in China: About industrial production, largely pulp and paper and textile industries, color is often measured in the wastewater for removal purposes and effluent monitoring. Dyes and coloured organic substances are used extensively to add colour to various different substrates in the manufacturing process. The wastewater stream from these processes can contain a high level of color, if discharged untreated, can cause environmental problems, problems for downstream drinking water facilities, or wastewater treatment issues for wastes discharged to the sewer system. See more details at https://www.boquinstrument.com/online-turbidity-meter.

Water sensors utilize diverse sensing mechanisms, each tailored for specific detection purposes: Conductive Sensors – Employing two electrodes separated by a non-conductive material, conductive sensors detect changes in conductivity triggered by water contact. This completion of an electrical circuit prompts an alert, signaling the presence of water. Capacitive Sensors: Emitting an electrical field between two conductive surfaces separated by a non-conductive material, such as plastic, capacitive sensors sense disruptions caused by water. This alteration in the field triggers an alarm, indicating water presence. Optical Sensors: Leveraging infrared LED light, optical sensors detect alterations in the refractive index of the sensor’s housing material upon contact with water. This change prompts an alert, signaling the presence of water.

Fourth step is distribution ,we have to measure pH,turbidity,hardness,residual chlorine,conductivity(TDS),then we can know the potential risks or threaten to public heath on time.the residual chlorine value should be over 0.3mg/L when be piped out from drinking water plant, and over 0.05mg/L at end of pipe network.turbidity must less 1NTU,pH value is between 6.5~8,5,pipe will be corrosive if pH value is less 6.5pH and easy scale if pH is over 8.5pH.

Water quality, consistency and reliability are critical issues for any biopharmaceutical research facility, people involved in bioproduction, drug discovery or related fields. BOQU Instruments is leader and biggest factory in water quality analyzer and sensor for pharmacy and biotech in China, as expert in water quality monitoring ,we can deal with your any questions and concerns. In pharmacy and biotech process control, BOQU is your reliable partner.we can provide quick and professional solution for your questions at your side.maybe you will ask : why ? because BOQU build first high temperature lab for pH,ORP,conductivity and dissolved oxygen sensor,also is the biggest factory in China.warranty of VBQ series is three years. below is comparison table for METTLER TOLEDO and HAMILTON.

Understanding Alert Signals: Familiarize yourself with alert signals, whether sound, light indicators, or smartphone notifications. Prompt response to these signals enables immediate action upon detecting water presence, preventing potential damage escalation. Emergency Response Plan: Develop a clear plan for actions upon sensor alerts, including shutting off water supplies or contacting maintenance services. A well-defined plan ensures a quick and effective response, minimizing potential damage.

BOQU Instruments is very popular in foreign market, but there is many foreign customers who still have an inherent impression of Chinese products, they think Chinese Products mean low price and low quality.but they don’t know China has become the “World’s Creative Center” from “World’s Manufacturing Center”.As a responsible and high-tech enterprise in China,we think there is still long way to go,so our production is strictly according to ISO9001 from source of raw material to finished instrument. And their is professional staff and test instrument to check each process.now our many instruments have reached or exceeded the world-class level. For example,we built first first high temperature laboratory in China,pH sensors, dissolved sensors, conductivity sensors can directly replace METTLER TOLEDO or Hamilton.turbidity meter and chlorine meter can replace HACH etc.for foreign market, we also got many certificates such as CE, SGS, and FDA and so on.

BOQU conductivity meter and conductivity sensor widely used in global,production capacity has been over 100 000pcs.TDS,Salinity and Resistivity meter use same conductivity sensor in different program.customers should confirm the application and required range before production,because there is many different range for conductivity sensor,such as :ultra pure water: 0~20μS/ cm(K=0.01),pure water is 0~200μS/ cm(K=0.1),drinking water is 200~500μS/ cm (K=1.0)in Shanghai China.max range of BOQU conductivity is 2000ms/cm.max working temperature is 180℃ by toroidal conductivity sensor(inductive conductivity sensor).it’s widely used for power plant,drinking water,waste water,food,Chemical production,Leak detection in heat exchangers,Acid and caustic dilution,Metal finishing, Plating bath control,Parts cleaning and rinsing,Pickling bath control,Waste streams,Semiconductors,Pulp and paper, Black, white or green liquor,Pulp bleaching food processing,Chemical peeling,Sanitisation (CIP),Environmental Wet chemical scrubbers,Cooling towers etc.

BOQU instrument was founded in 2007,now has been one of the leading factory for top-quality water quality analyzer and water quality sensors by over 10 years on R&D.BOQU production line is strictly according to ISO9001,year quantity is over 100 000pcs.our dissolved oxygen meter and dissolved oxygen sensor are famous all over the world by high quality.DOG-209FA dissolved oxygen sensor is popular used in for drinking water,waste water,farming,swimming pool;DOG-209FYD is optical principle dissolved oxygen sensor,it’s maintenance-free,long service life and directly with RS485 Modbus RTU;DOG-208F is ppb class dissolved oxygen sensor ,mainly for pure water such as SWAS in power plant.DOG-208FA is high temperature dissolved oxygen sensor, the max temperature is up to 130℃,pressure is 6bar,it’s also with FDA certificate for Hygienic application, such pharma,beer, beverage,biotech ,food,CIP,SIP etc.if you use mettler toledo or Hamilton dissolved oxygen meter or sensor, now you have new option. Read many more details on https://www.boquinstrument.com/.

Components: Water sensors typically consist of probes, circuits, and an alarm system. Probes come in direct contact with the water, activating the sensor. The circuits analyze the changes in conductivity, capacitance, or light patterns caused by water contact. Once triggered, the alarm system alerts users through sound, light, or notifications, depending on the sensor’s design. Applications: Home Security: Water sensors are integral to home security systems, detecting leaks in basements, bathrooms, or near appliances like washing machines and dishwashers. Industrial Use: Water sensors monitor pipelines in industrial settings, ensuring early detection of leaks that could cause significant damage or production halts. Environmental Monitoring: They also detect reservoir water levels, preventing overflow or depletion.

Understanding Water Quality – Based on these features, water quality may be described as the degree to which a body of water is suitable for a certain purpose: Physical attributes like water’s temperature, color, and suspended particles; Chemical properties, such as pH, salts that are dissolved, nutrients, acidity, and oxygen; Water-borne plants, algae, and microbes are examples of biological traits. Over time, changes in these characteristics brought forth by human activity impact living resources. Among the pollutants frequently dumped into waterways and rivers are sewage, chemicals used in manufacturing, toxic metals from industrial operations, and home cleansers. Chemicals, insecticides, fertilizers, motor oils, trash, and other elements of contaminated runoff are additional sources of pollution in water.

Best electronics packaging box provider

Electronics packaging box manufacturer and supplier with ccprinting.cn: The global packaging industry is undergoing a significant transformation, with paper packaging emerging as a pivotal player. This essay aims to analyze the current international trends of paper packaging and its market environment. Paper packaging, as an integral part of the packaging industry, is witnessing significant growth due to its biodegradable nature and sustainability. The international trends in the paper packaging industry are being driven by the increasing consumer awareness about environmental conservation and the need for sustainable solutions in packaging. Discover even more info on paper box manufacturers.

Kraft paper or kraft is paper or paperboard (cardboard) produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process.Sack kraft paper, or just sack paper, is a porous kraft paper with high elasticity and high tear resistance, designed for packaging products with high demands for strength and durability. Advantage of kraft paper: it could be used no printing, and also enough strength to shape the boxes. It could be for paper inlay. Disadvantage: it is not printed perfectly, especialy for brown kraft paper and black kraft paper.

Make a special watch packaging, you can use PU leather , texture paper or printed paper for good touching . Contact us to find the right material to suit your brand style. And luxury cushion insert to hold your watch. Caicheng Printing prefer to recommend recycled E-commerce packaging or at least FSC certified paper to make your custom packaging . That show that your brand care about environmental protection What’s more: we can help you minimize your environmental impact with new innovative eco-friendly and sustainable packaging solutions.

Jewelry industry is an important customer of packaging firms : “People are now asking themselves: is this another overpriced object, or does it have a mythology attached to it?” Luxury brand expert and author Mark Tungate The allure of vintage products and archive-based materials and experiences is feeding an uptick in auction concepts, inherently connected to the thrill of storytelling through goods and hustling to find a gem – something missing from the accessibility of items in today’s world. In May 2021, auction house Sotheby’s launched a physical flagship The Emporium, which hosts 5,000+ luxury items, including cars, sneakers, watches, artworks, handbags, and even first-edition novels listed on Sotheby’s Buy Now platform (a site that’s won Sotheby’s a new customer type: 68% have been first-time shoppers).

Caicheng specializes in developing beautifully structured custom printed candle gift boxes, these candle boxes are made of high quality materials, which can secure your candles safely. We have many candle packaging ideas to serve you and provide you with the opportunity to create your own unique candle box at a cost effective price. From outer packaging to customized inserts, add warmth to your candles. Everyone enjoys giving gifts just as much as they enjoy receiving them. Create something special for your custom size gift boxes with our consultation services. Caicheng also provides a full selection of custom cardboard gift box packaging with high quality printing and structural integrity. From birthdays to weddings, you can create a box for any occasion you need for your business.

Gift suggestions: Rings, necklaces, pendants, bracelets, earrings and wristwatches: there is a piece of jewelry for every taste, style and budget. Jewelry is an investment, not just a purchase.But unlike stocks or bonds as you can adorn accessories and still look sane. Jewelry is one of the only gifts that always elicits a “GASP!” response. Also, try a car…but jewelry is more affordable and won’t crash. Jewelry is an extremely customizable gift. You can cater to personality, color preferences, style, almost everything. Need a gift for your stylishly eclectic friend? A bold brass bracelet is the answer! Bonus points for presentation. Part of giving jewelry is setting the stage – and you can make the presentation just as special as the gift! This Christmas, give a ring in an ornament, tie it to mistletoe, or put it in the bottom of a stocking – and have your loved one open it last.

Moreover, We own a big warehouse and our experience workers are always helping clients to pack the goods into the packaging and store it in our warehouse, this will help clients less pressure in storing . Due to the understanding for export market in high quality requirement, our products have shipped out to many countries especially UK, EU, America, Canada, Australia, Middle East and Asia. Offset printing is the highest quality printing option available, offering exceptionally crisp details of any design. Our factory is used brand new 6-Color Heidelberg Offset printing machine for production. We will provide options of packaging dieline to fit your products and well-protection. Read additional details on ccprinting.cn.

Clamshell gift box – This gift box has the same structure as the 3-sided hinged lid box. The difference is the hinged section attached at the bottom of the base with one piece of card so that it can expose both top and base areas for the purpose of media display. Book-style gift box – These boxes are named after their appearance which is similar to a book. A single or double flip lid is applied with the buckle or magnet closure. Slipcase gift box – A document, book, or CD/DVD set is packed in a packaging type called a slipcase gift box so which provides the perfect protection for these products.

Custom paper box provider in China

Custom paper box manufacturer today: In terms of the market environment the paper packaging industry is experiencing robust growth due to several factors. The increasing consumer awareness about the environmental impact of packaging waste is driving the demand for paper packaging. Moreover, stringent government regulations on plastic packaging are also propelling the growth of the paper packaging industry. Emerging economies such as China, India, and Brazil are playing a significant role in driving the growth of the paper packaging industry. The rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and growing e-commerce sector in these countries are contributing to the increasing demand for paper packaging. See additional details at custom paper box manufacturers.

If you notice that one grouping of gift wrap looks sparse, you can stock up on the appropriate wrap before the season, or pick up bargains when they go on sale. Sometimes, you can even find deals that are half off. Wrapping a present is part of the thoughtful gesture of giving it. Wrapping is fun and shouldn’t cause stress. Any packaging is appreciated, even if it’s just sticking a bow on it and popping it into a Red Lobster bag. However, if your standards are higher than that, make sure that you have these on hand: Everyday: Stick to nonspecific patterns like polka dots that will work for anything.

What popular style in different market will be different , CAICHENG PRINTING will show you a lot of options of perfume packaging we made before for your reference in different countries. CAICHENG PRINTING offers various kinds of custom cosmetics packaging that help you more idea to create your box. We made eyelash box, eye shadow box, cream box, perfume box, skin care product gift set , brush box and so on. Contact us to get more packaging design!

Jewelry industry is a top customer of packaging firms : Prior to the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak, research estimated the jewellery industry to reach $480.5 billion by 2025. And, despite the challenges presented by the pandemic, (Watch and jewellery makers saw a 25% dip in sales in 2020) , luxury spending is rebounding confidently and this sector shows no signs of slowing down. Consumers are increasingly comfortable shopping online for jewellery — more so since the pandemic — and are much more likely to make high-ticket purchases online than five years ago. From 2012 to 2021, online jewellery sales increased by an average of 3.9% each year, with the market expected to reach £21.4 billion in 2022. According to Gartner L2, the share of online sales across the US and Western European jewellery sales doubled over 2019 to the detriment of brick-and-mortar brands. While the UK industry—despite suffering tough trading conditions on the UK high street, not helped by 2020’s lockdowns—still looks to be thriving, largely due to the enduring demand for luxury goods.

By publicly displaying your brand image, customized printing bags have become an important element to enhance the global brand. Customized bags can not only make it easy for you to carry the products purchased by customers, but also play the role of free publicity like customers reusing luxury bags, clothes and dresses. Caicheng offers you a variety of custom paper bags, custom printed gift bags, custom retail bags, etc., depending on your product and how you want to show it to customers.

Gift suggestions: There is no community without gift and gifting. The acts themselves may not be visible, they may not have names, they may elude materiality, and yet, we depend on them for our very existence as givers and receivers. And with the endless need to express ourselves to our loved ones we use gifts to showcase warmth, recognition, care and love in our special and unique ways. It’s customizable. Jewelry is extremely customizable. You can find or create custom pieces that represent a loved one’s personality, color preferences or style. To make your gift even more personal and one-of-a-kind, have it engraved with a special date, word or phrase.

Moreover, We own a big warehouse and our experience workers are always helping clients to pack the goods into the packaging and store it in our warehouse, this will help clients less pressure in storing . Due to the understanding for export market in high quality requirement, our products have shipped out to many countries especially UK, EU, America, Canada, Australia, Middle East and Asia. Offset printing is the highest quality printing option available, offering exceptionally crisp details of any design. Our factory is used brand new 6-Color Heidelberg Offset printing machine for production. We will show you plain sample for size and strength testing and provide original dieline for your design team to create design. Discover more information at https://www.ccprinting.cn/.

Rigid gift boxes have many different shapes to be made as decorative packaging boxes. Here we list the 6 mostly being used for clients in Europe and USA. The difference between different styles is the structure. For surface finishing, you could choose same for different structure box. Then make the packaging style more attractive. Top and bottom structure have 2 pieces to assemble. One called lid, which is normal short a little than bottom, and be width than bottom. This structure is wide used for common packaging, such as cosmetics packaging, flower boxes wholesale…etc.

Excellent parking boom barrier supplier

Lpr parking system suppliers today: What are the factors that determine the performance of the license plate recognition parking lot ? The first thing we want to discuss is the hardware of license plate recognition products. Generally speaking, the hardware of license plate recognition products requires the imaging part, that is, the capture camera, the display part (display screen and control card), the light adjustment part (fill light), and then the parking barrier. Generally, a camera used at entrances and exits of parking lots on the market needs to capture at a speed of 40km/h or less. With 2 million pixels, 25-35FPS/S is sufficient. It can accurately capture and output 1080P JPEG format vehicle pictures and perform Transmission and storage, and some cameras also support the transmission of lane information, vehicle color, license plate background color, and other additional information, which provides a large amount of information for the management and safety of parking lots.

Short-distance ID parking system: ID parking lot system adopts ID card swiping system, ID card is a kind of smart card, it can not write data, it has a fixed number, it can be used as a kind of identification. ID cards are low in cost and durable. They are widely used in some simple parking lots. However, because their data can only be read but cannot be written, it can no longer meet the requirements of smart parking lots. In addition, due to security reasons, it has gradually been used. IC card replaced. Mainly used in some scenes where there is no temporary vehicle, all cards are distributed to fixed users after unified issuance in the management center. The characteristic is to manage expected card issuing users, the card needs to be maintained regularly, and it needs to be reissued after it is lost. Discover more info at lpr parking management system.

Communication Method: Ticket dispenser and computer communicate through RS-485. Mounting: Mounting can be done quickly and easily thanks to the mounting kit of the ticket dispenser. How to use a car park ticket machine? Tiger Wong has already been in the parking area for more than 20 years which has experience from ticket dispenser parking, then Mifare parking, ALPR parking, and data cloud parking change. From the opposite side of east land, most places are still using a ticket and mi-fare reading method for parking management, and all professional people might know the core is the management software to fulfill all functions. The hardware ticket dispenser machine was used as the control device which connect to the barrier, LED light, Dispenser, vehicle detector to generate all devices that could work while getting the command from the program from the management PC. In the whole system, the most important part is the parking panel which affords communication functions from hardware and software. It usually works by TCP/IP to talk with a computer, giving feedback to the computer to record or send a command.

Free hands, release manpower, reduce the cost of employment: TGW Parking fee system is actually able to really free hands, which has cloud platform management, can improve the speed of license plate recognition, also the fastest speed to complete the license plate traffic and charging, it is self-service payment, and so convenient do not need change ,and now generally use online payment method, so convenient it is! Can improve efficiency, put an end to the loopholes in charging: after installing TGW parking lot charging system can be truly unattended, the parking system is very advanced, and it also has a variety of charging schemes, which can support QR/Bar code, bank card and also support cash, which is very convenient.

What is Smart Parking System? A smart parking system is a software solution that incorporates IoT technologies such as sensing devices, cameras, or counting sensors to identify which parking area is occupied or available and often uses this sensor data to design a real-time parking map. Smart Parking makes use of sensor technology, variable road message signs, flexible payment systems and smart navigation mobile map applications to direct the drivers and make them aware of parking options in an urban area.

If there’s one maneuver that stresses drivers, it’s looking for a parking space in the city. This, however, is changing with the implementation of smart solutions. According to Shenzhen TGW, a company that provides technology solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT), applying this technology reduces traffic volume by 8%, gas emissions by 40%, kilometers travelled by a car to park by 30% and time spent parking by 43%. Thanks to digitalization, smart parking systems are starting to offer solutions for urban mobility. This is a system which, thanks to the Internet of Things and sensor technology, allows real-time data to be obtained about parking availability, both outside and inside, and regarding traffic and road conditions.

Safety: The use of Smart Parking Sensors can optimize safety within cities. As a result of placing, for instance, on-ground sensors on parking bays, people will not be as stressed as when they are looking for parking spaces. Because these people will know where they are going, they can simply navigate to their parking spot and they will not have to stress out about it. Real-time parking analytics for cities: Parking space will become intelligent by use of the smart parking sensors on the parking bays. This means that as a city you’re able to see historical data which is stored and you’re able to make data driven decision and predictions based on the parking sensor data.

Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) is an application of computer video image recognition technology in vehicle license plate recognition.It is widely used in parking management,vehicle positioning, car burglary, highway speeding automation supervision, red light electronic police, highway toll station.,etc. What should I do if the device does not display properly? The following conditions may occur: The device may not display properly: The device is not powered on properly; the network cable of the device is not connected properly, or the contact is poor; the IP address of the device and the IP address of the PC are not in an address segment; the device and the client The network between the two does not work. See more information on Sztigerwong.

Parking Guidance System Work Flow: Visitors can see the available spaces of each floor in the outdoor display before entry, so he knows which floor should go. After entered, the indoor display shows the available spaces of each districts, so visitors know which direction he should go. After parked, the ultrasonic ( with indicator light) will turn from green to red, the indoor display and outdoor display will also deduct the available quantity accordingly. Parking Guidance System Components: The configuration is not complicated, but it can bring such an intelligent parking space guidance function, but in fact, our R&D team is not satisfied with this. We hope to achieve more functions that meet the needs of the parking lot through this solution.

TGW Parking Equipment products include garage cashiering machines, ticket dispenser, barrier gate equipment, ticket checking reader, Auto Payment Machine.parking ticket machine.,etc. We also provide electronic aids including fee computers, electronic counters, and access control read systems for optimum efficiency in parking structures. TGW also offer all accessories include loop detector, coil loop, IC/ID card, Card issuer, Card reader, access control PCB board, LED controller,Security kiosk, Payment station, QR code reader,and receipt printer and its paper.

Custom stepper motor factory 2024

Stepper motors manufacturer and supplier 2024: With a legacy spanning three decades, Smooth Motor is your go-to expert for a comprehensive range of advanced motion solutions. Our extensive portfolio includes stepper motors, linear stepper motors, can stack motors, and voice coil motors, all engineered to deliver unparalleled precision and performance for your diverse applications. Complete Range of Motion Solutions: From traditional stepper motors to cutting-edge voice coil motors, Smooth Motor offers an extensive selection to cater to your unique needs. See many more details on custom stepper motor. Wide Application Range – Already got the electrical specification? Just select the ranges and you will find them. Standard models are the motors which have been in the market and widely used in the applications for prefernce. they are usually in stock, it is ideal prototype.

Smooth Motors offers a range of linear actuators, including linear stepper motors and can stack motors. These actuators are characterized by precise and controlled linear motion, providing accurate positioning and smooth operation. With their high torque capabilities and low vibration, Smooth’s linear actuators ensure reliable performance in various applications. Their compact design and adaptability make them suitable for space-constrained environments, while their robust construction enables them to withstand demanding industrial conditions.

Smooth Motor’s lead screw and nut assembly is a reliable solution for precise linear motion. The self-lubricated material ensures smooth and maintenance-free operation. The anti-backlash nut minimizes play, guaranteeing accurate positioning. With ACME lead screws, they provide high efficiency and load capacity. Different greases and surface coatings are available for diverse applications. Customization options include various end machining choices to suit specific requirements.

Smooth Motors’ hollow shaft stepper motors feature a unique design that allows easy integration with shafts or other components. These motors provide precise motion control and reliable performance while offering the flexibility to pass cables or other items through the center. The hollow shaft design enhances versatility and simplifies installation in various applications. Smooth Motors’ voice coil motors are highly versatile and efficient solutions for precise linear motion. The voice coil actuator utilizes a magnet and coil system to generate controlled motion with rapid response and high accuracy. Smooth Motors offers a range of voice coil stages, combining the actuator with guidance systems for seamless integration. Additionally, the Flexible Voice Coil Motor is specifically designed for feeding systems or machines, providing smooth and reliable linear motion for precise feeding applications.

Smooth Motor also offers mini motorized sliders, which integrate compact and efficient motors with the Slide Guide Rails. These motorized sliders provide automated linear motion capabilities, making them ideal for applications that require precise positioning and automated control. What sets Smooth Motor apart is its ability to handle the entire process, from manufacturing individual components to the assembly of the Linear Rail Systems. This ensures tight quality control and seamless integration of all components, resulting in reliable and high-performing linear motion solutions. See a lot more details at smoothmotor.com.

Laser Equipment: Seamless Integration for High-Speed Precision – Smooth Motor’s stepper motors offer seamless integration into laser equipment, enabling high-speed precision and intricate laser cutting or engraving. These motors, available in various sizes and configurations, can be easily integrated into laser systems, facilitating quick and precise movements of laser heads. Smooth Motor’s stepper motors respond rapidly to commands, allowing laser equipment to follow complex paths accurately, resulting in precise and intricate cuts or engravings on various materials. The compatibility and flexibility of Smooth Motor’s stepper motors make them an excellent choice for laser systems used in industries such as manufacturing, signage, and electronics.

Versatility and Flexibility for Various Applications – Smooth Motor’s stepper motors demonstrate exceptional versatility and flexibility, making them suitable for a wide range of automation applications beyond carving machines, laser equipment, and sewing machines. Whether it’s controlling linear motion, rotational movement, or a combination of both, these motors can adapt to various requirements with ease. Smooth Motor offers a wide selection of accessories and customizable options, allowing users to tailor the stepper motors to their specific needs. This flexibility empowers automation equipment designers and integrators to optimize performance and achieve desired outcomes across industries such as automotive, electronics, medical devices, and more.

Smooth Motor’s hybrid stepper motors are designed to meet the demanding requirements of office automation. They offer a combination of high torque, excellent speed control, and smooth operation, making them ideal for various applications. Additionally, our motors are built with durability and longevity in mind, ensuring reliable performance in the dynamic office environment. Furthermore, our hybrid stepper motors are utilized in various office automation devices, such as card readers, money counters, and vending machines. These devices require precise and controlled movement to perform their functions accurately. Smooth Motor’s motors offer exceptional motion control, ensuring reliable operation and enhancing the overall efficiency of these office automation devices.